Kulkureitteihin

Kulkureitteihin, also known as "traveling reindeer" or "migratory reindeer," refer to reindeer herding practices primarily found among the Sámi people of Northern Scandinavia, Finland, and Russia. This traditional way of life involves the seasonal movement of reindeer herds between summer and winter pastures to ensure optimal grazing conditions and survival.

The practice relies on deep knowledge of the landscape, weather patterns, and reindeer behavior. Herders, known as *goahti* or *gákti* in Sámi languages, guide the herds across vast, often remote territories, using traditional methods passed down through generations. Migration routes can span hundreds of kilometers, crossing national borders and diverse ecosystems, including tundra, forests, and mountains.

Kulkureitteihin plays a crucial role in Sámi culture, providing sustenance, clothing, and tools while maintaining a sustainable balance with the environment. Modern challenges, such as climate change, land-use conflicts, and regulatory restrictions, have threatened this way of life. Efforts to preserve and adapt traditional herding practices continue, supported by cultural preservation initiatives and international recognition of Indigenous rights.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has acknowledged the importance of reindeer herding, including kulkureitteihin, as part of global intangible cultural heritage. This practice remains a vital link to Sámi identity and a testament to the resilience of Indigenous communities in adapting to contemporary pressures.