Kuivapesumenetelmät

Kuivapesumenetelmät refer to cleaning processes that use chemical solvents instead of water to remove stains and dirt from fabrics. These methods are particularly effective for delicate materials that could be damaged by traditional water-based washing, such as silk, wool, and some synthetics. The primary principle behind dry cleaning is the use of a solvent that can dissolve grease and oils, which water alone cannot do effectively.

There are several types of solvents used in dry cleaning, with perchloroethylene (perc) being the most common historically. However, concerns about its environmental and health impacts have led to increased use of alternative solvents. These include hydrocarbon solvents, which are derived from petroleum and are generally less toxic, and newer, more environmentally friendly options like silicone-based solvents (e.g., D5) and other biodegradable alternatives.

The dry cleaning process typically involves placing garments in a specialized machine where they are tumbled with the chosen solvent. This process is similar to a washing machine but uses solvent instead of water and detergent. After the cleaning cycle, the solvent is filtered and distilled for reuse, and the garments are then dried in a controlled environment to remove any residual solvent. Finally, the clothes are pressed or steamed to restore their shape and appearance.

While called "dry cleaning," water is sometimes used in conjunction with solvents in specialized "wet cleaning" processes, which are sometimes categorized under the broader umbrella of modern textile cleaning. These methods aim to achieve a similar clean to traditional dry cleaning but with a reduced environmental footprint. The choice of method depends on the fabric type, the nature of the soiling, and environmental considerations.