KubelkaMunkanalys
KubelkaMunkanalys, or Kubelka–Munk analysis, is a mathematical model used to describe light scattering and absorption in diffuse, multiply scattering media such as paints, coatings, and powdered pigments. Developed by P. Kubelka and F. Munk in the 1930s, the theory provides a simple relationship between the reflectance, transmittance, and the absorption (K) and scattering (S) coefficients of a material. The key assumption is that the material is optically dense, homogeneous, and that light transport can be approximated by two coupled first‑order differential equations for upward and downward fluxes.
The Kubelka–Munk function is defined as F(R) = (1−R)^2 / (2R), where R is the measured reflectance of
Kubelka–Munk theory is frequently combined with spectral reflectance measurements using diffuse reflectance spectrophotometers. Despite its simplifications,