Kortikosteroidy

Kortikosteroidy, also known as corticosteroids or glucocorticoids, are a class of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal glands or synthesized as medications. They play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and inflammation. In the body, they are synthesized from cholesterol.

Medically, corticosteroids are widely used for their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They are prescribed to treat a broad spectrum of conditions such as asthma, allergies, autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, and certain skin conditions. Their mechanism of action involves inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators and suppressing the activity of immune cells.

Corticosteroids can be administered in various forms, including oral tablets, inhaled preparations, topical creams and ointments, and injections. The choice of administration depends on the condition being treated and its severity. While highly effective, corticosteroid therapy can be associated with side effects, especially with long-term or high-dose use. These can include weight gain, increased blood sugar levels, thinning of the skin, bone thinning (osteoporosis), and mood changes. Therefore, their use is typically monitored by healthcare professionals, and dosages are adjusted to minimize risks while maximizing therapeutic benefits. Withdrawal from long-term corticosteroid therapy should be gradual to allow the body's natural hormone production to resume.