Korsakoffsyndrom

Korsakoff syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by severe memory deficits, particularly in forming new memories (anterograde amnesia). It is also associated with confabulation, the creation of false memories to fill in gaps, and a lack of insight into the condition. Individuals may appear oriented but struggle with recalling recent events, conversations, or learned information. Their ability to learn and retain new information is significantly impaired.

The primary cause of Korsakoff syndrome is a severe deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), most commonly due to chronic alcoholism. Alcohol abuse interferes with thiamine absorption and utilization. Other less common causes include severe malnutrition, prolonged vomiting, eating disorders, and certain medical conditions that affect nutrient absorption.

Diagnosis is typically made based on clinical evaluation of memory impairment, often following a period of Wernicke encephalopathy, an acute thiamine deficiency that can cause confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. Treatment focuses on thiamine supplementation and abstaining from alcohol. While thiamine therapy can prevent further deterioration and may lead to some improvement, the memory impairments in Korsakoff syndrome are often permanent and can significantly impact an individual's independence and quality of life. Rehabilitation and supportive care are crucial for managing the condition.