Kontrastnefropati

Kontrastnefropati, also known as contrast-induced nephropathy, is a condition characterized by acute kidney injury that occurs after the administration of iodinated contrast media during imaging procedures such as computed tomography (CT) scans or angiography. The condition is typically mild and resolves within a few days, but in some cases, it can lead to more severe kidney damage or even chronic kidney disease.

The exact mechanism by which contrast media causes kidney injury is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of factors, including direct toxicity to renal tubular cells, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and oxidative stress. Risk factors for kontrastnefropati include dehydration, pre-existing kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and the use of certain medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Prevention and management of kontrastnefropati focus on minimizing risk factors and optimizing hydration status. This may include prehydration with intravenous fluids, monitoring urine output, and avoiding NSAIDs in patients at high risk. In severe cases, supportive care such as dialysis may be required.

Kontrastnefropati is a significant concern in clinical practice, as it can lead to increased healthcare costs and morbidity. Ongoing research aims to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the condition and develop more effective preventive strategies.