Kondenzátorok

Kondenzátorok, or capacitors, are passive electronic components that store electrical energy in an electric field. They are fundamental to many electronic circuits and find applications in filtering, smoothing, energy storage, and signal coupling. The basic structure of a capacitor consists of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material called a dielectric. When a voltage is applied across the plates, positive charge accumulates on one plate and negative charge on the other, creating an electric field in the dielectric.

The amount of charge a capacitor can store is determined by its capacitance, measured in farads (F). Capacitance depends on the area of the plates, the distance between them, and the properties of the dielectric material. Common dielectric materials include ceramics, plastics, and electrolytes, each offering different properties like high capacitance density or low leakage.

Kondenzátorok are used in a wide variety of electronic devices. In power supplies, they filter out ripples and smooth out DC voltage. In timing circuits, their charging and discharging rates can be used to control time intervals. They are also essential for blocking DC current while allowing AC current to pass, a function used in signal coupling. Different types of capacitors exist, such as electrolytic capacitors, ceramic capacitors, and film capacitors, each suited for specific applications based on their capacitance, voltage rating, and frequency response.