Kompressorid

Kompressorid are mechanical devices that increase the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. They are used to generate compressed air or other gases for a range of applications, including manufacturing, construction, refrigeration, HVAC systems, and medical equipment. The term is used broadly for equipment that performs gas compression, from small portable units to large industrial machines.

There are two broad families: positive-displacement and dynamic compressors. Positive-displacement compressors trap a fixed amount of gas and physically reduce its volume to raise pressure. Common types include reciprocating piston compressors, rotary screw compressors, and vane compressors. Dynamic compressors raise pressure by imparting momentum to the gas with rotating impellers and diffusers; centrifugal (radial) and axial-flow compressors are typical examples. Multi-stage configurations, often with intercooling between stages, improve efficiency and enable higher discharge pressures.

Key components and operation typically involve a drive (electric motor or internal combustion engine), a compression chamber, inlet and discharge valves, and a cooling and lubrication system. The gas is drawn in, compressed, and delivered at the discharge pressure. In multi-stage designs, intercoolers reduce the gas temperature between stages to maintain capacity and efficiency. Oil-lubricated models use circulating lubrication oil, while oil-free designs are selected when contamination must be avoided.

Applications span industrial manufacturing, construction, automotive service, mining, process industries, HVAC and refrigeration, gas transfer, and laboratory settings. Safety, maintenance, and energy efficiency are important considerations, as are noise levels and compliance with applicable national and international standards and regulations.