Kolorektális

Kolorektális is a term used to describe conditions related to the colon and rectum, the sections of the large intestine responsible for absorbing water and forming solid waste. The kolorektális tract comprises the colon (nagyvastagbél) and the rectum (végbél). The lining of these organs can be affected by a range of disorders, from benign growths to malignant tumors.

Common kolorektális diseases include colorectal cancer (kolorektális rákk), which often develops from precancerous polyps and may cause symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal pain, or unexplained weight loss. Treatment depends on the stage and may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapies. Colorectal polyps are benign growths that can be removed to reduce cancer risk. Inflammatory bowel diseases that involve the colon and rectum, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, cause chronic inflammation and symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and blood in stool; management typically includes anti-inflammatory medications, immunosuppressants, or biologics. Diverticular disease, including diverticulosis and diverticulitis, affects the colon walls and can lead to abdominal pain and infection in some cases.

Screening and diagnosis rely heavily on colonoscopy, which allows direct visualization and biopsy, with alternatives such as sigmoidoscopy, fecal occult blood tests (FOBT/FIT), and CT colonography. Prevention focuses on lifestyle factors and regular screening: a diet rich in fiber, physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding tobacco, and moderating alcohol consumption. Regular screening reduces colorectal cancer mortality and is recommended for adults at average risk according to local guidelines.