Kolonoskopiaa

Kolonoskopiaa, commonly referred to as colonoscopy in English, is a medical procedure that allows direct visualization of the interior lining of the large intestine using a flexible endoscope called a colonoscope. The instrument is inserted through the anus and advanced through the rectum into the colon, enabling examination from the rectum to the cecum in most cases. During the procedure, the physician may perform biopsies and remove polyps (polypectomy) or treat minor problems such as bleeding.

Indications include colorectal cancer screening, investigation of gastrointestinal symptoms (persistent abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, occult or visible bleeding), and surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease or a history of polyps.

Preparation typically involves bowel cleansing with laxatives and adherence to a clear liquid or light diet for a short period before the examination. Patients may receive sedation or analgesia to reduce discomfort.

Risks are uncommon but can include bleeding, perforation of the colon, infection, and reactions to sedatives. Most people recover within a few hours after the procedure.

Alternatives to colonoscopy include flexible sigmoidoscopy, CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy), and stool-based tests. Colorectal cancer screening programs use colonoscopy at varying intervals depending on prior findings.

The term kolonoskopiaa may appear in languages with declension or case marking; it refers to the same examination as colonoscopy in English.

Colonoscopy is a standard tool in gastroenterology for diagnosis and management of lower gastrointestinal conditions and cancer prevention.