Knokkelafwijkingen

Knokkelafwijkingen, also known as bone abnormalities or skeletal anomalies, refer to any deviations from the typical structure, development, or formation of bones. These can range from minor variations that cause no significant issues to severe conditions that impact mobility, organ function, and overall health. They can be congenital, meaning present at birth, or acquired later in life due to injury, disease, or environmental factors.

Congenital knokkelafwijkingen often arise during fetal development. Examples include polydactyly (extra fingers or toes), syndactyly (fused fingers or toes), and various forms of dwarfism like achondroplasia. These conditions are frequently caused by genetic mutations affecting bone growth and development.

Acquired knokkelafwijkingen can develop due to a multitude of reasons. Trauma, such as fractures that don't heal correctly, can lead to malunion or nonunion of bones. Diseases like osteoporosis weaken bones, making them more susceptible to fractures and deformities. Infections can also affect bone structure, leading to osteomyelitis. Furthermore, certain metabolic disorders can interfere with calcium and vitamin D metabolism, impacting bone health and integrity. Tumors, both benign and malignant, can also develop within or on bones, causing structural abnormalities and pain. Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques like X-rays, CT scans, and MRI, often supplemented by blood tests and genetic analysis. Treatment strategies are varied and depend on the specific condition, ranging from physical therapy and medication to surgical interventions aimed at correcting deformities or stabilizing fractures.