Klaffestenose

Klaffestenose, also known as valvular stenosis, is a medical condition where a heart valve becomes narrowed. This narrowing restricts the flow of blood through the valve, forcing the heart to work harder to pump blood effectively. The most commonly affected valves are the aortic valve and the mitral valve, though the pulmonary and tricuspid valves can also be involved.

Causes of klaffestenose vary depending on the specific valve and can include congenital heart defects present at birth, rheumatic heart disease resulting from untreated strep throat, age-related calcification, and infections like endocarditis. Symptoms can develop gradually and may include shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, and fainting. In severe cases, heart failure can occur.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination to listen for abnormal heart sounds (murmurs), followed by diagnostic tests such as an echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) to assess valve function and structure, an electrocardiogram (ECG) to check heart rhythm, and sometimes a cardiac MRI or CT scan for more detailed imaging.

Treatment for klaffestenose depends on the severity of the condition and the patient's symptoms. Mild cases may be managed with medication to control symptoms and reduce the heart's workload. More severe stenosis often requires intervention, such as balloon valvuloplasty, a procedure to widen the narrowed valve using a balloon catheter, or surgical valve replacement with either a mechanical or biological prosthetic valve. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for preventing complications and improving outcomes.