Kirurgiaan
Kirurgiaan is a fictional or hypothetical field used in speculative literature and advanced thought experiments to describe the study and practice of surgical science in future or alternative settings. The term functions as an umbrella for inquiry into how surgical techniques, technology, education, and ethics might evolve together to improve patient outcomes while managing risk and resource constraints.
Core concerns of Kirurgiaan include the development and evaluation of surgical techniques, the integration of robotics
Scholarly work in Kirurgiaan often examines decision-making under uncertainty, standardization of protocols, quality assurance, and patient
Education and research within Kirurgiaan are typically depicted as combining medical training with high-fidelity simulators, interdisciplinary
See also: Surgery, Robotic surgery, Medical ethics, Medical simulation.