Khachkar

Khachkar, or խաչքար in Armenian, is a carved memorial stele bearing a cross, a distinctive form of Armenian Christian art. Typically a tall, vertical slab of stone—often basalt or tuff—a khachkar is carved in relief with a central cross, surrounded by rosettes, vines, and geometric or botanical motifs, sometimes accompanied by inscriptions in Armenian.

The tradition began in medieval Armenia, with the earliest widely recognized examples dating from the 9th to 10th centuries. Khachkars served as grave markers, votive offerings, or commemorative tablets and were placed before churches, in monasteries, or within cemeteries. The form spread within Armenian communities in Cilicia and later among the diaspora, and it remains a salient symbol of Armenian ecclesiastical art.

Designs typically feature a prominent cross at the center, often framed by layers of decorative motifs that may be carved in relief or openwork. Inscriptions, when present, provide names, dates, and dedications. Some khachkars show more complex scenes or layered symbolism, but the cross is the unifying element.

Cultural significance and preservation: Khachkars are regarded as a distinctive expression of Armenian Christian heritage and identity. Hundreds survive in Armenia and in Armenian communities worldwide, where they are found at churches, monasteries, cemeteries, and public spaces. Conservation efforts seek to protect these carved stones from weathering and vandalism, recognizing their historical and artistic value.

Modern practice: Today, contemporary sculptors continue the tradition, producing both traditional and modern interpretations. Khachkars are created for new churches, memorials, and cultural sites, sustaining a living link to Armenia’s medieval artistic legacy.