Keynesiaanse

Keynesiaanse is a Dutch term used to describe Keynesian economics and related policy approaches. It denotes theories and practices that emphasize government intervention to manage economic fluctuations, particularly through demand-side measures.

Originating in the ideas of John Maynard Keynes and formalized in his 1936 General Theory, Keynesiaanse gained prominence during the mid-20th century. It shaped postwar economic policy in many countries, guiding stabilization efforts, full employment goals, and social programs.

Core principles include the view that aggregate demand determines output and employment in the short run, the use of fiscal policy (spending and taxation) to dampen recessions or overheating, and the belief that monetary policy can support demand when interest rates are constrained. The approach often highlights the role of confidence, expectations, and the financial system in transmitting policy effects.

Policy instruments commonly associated with Keynesiaanse are countercyclical fiscal stimulus, automatic stabilizers, and public investment, combined with coordinated monetary policy. Deficits may be tolerated in downturns to raise demand, with debt kept sustainable through growth and inflation control. The framework also supports stabilization of inflation expectations and full employment as central goals of policy.

Critics argue that it can cause inflation or debt buildup, may be less effective during supply shocks, and suffers from implementation lags. Developments such as New Keynesian economics seek microfoundations and price stickiness to address some criticisms, while some economists advocate rules-based approaches or different stabilization frameworks.

See also Keynes, John Maynard; macroeconomics; fiscal policy; monetary policy.