Keuhkoembolisuus

Keuhkoembolisuus, commonly known as pulmonary embolism, is a medical condition characterized by the sudden blockage of one or more pulmonary arteries in the lungs, typically caused by blood clots that have traveled from the deep veins of the legs or pelvis. This condition can impair blood flow to lung tissue, leading to reduced oxygen exchange and potentially life-threatening complications.

The most common cause of keuhkoembolisuus is deep vein thrombosis (DVT), where blood clots form in the deep veins, often in the lower limbs. When these clots dislodge, they travel through the bloodstream and lodge in pulmonary arteries, causing obstruction. Risk factors include prolonged immobility, recent surgery, cancer, pregnancy, obesity, smoking, and inherited clotting disorders.

Symptoms of keuhkoembolisuus vary widely and may include sudden shortness of breath, chest pain that worsens with deep breathing or coughing, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, or fainting. In severe cases, it can cause circulatory collapse and death.

Diagnosis involves clinical assessment, blood tests such as D-dimer, imaging studies including computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), ventilation-perfusion scans, or ultrasound of the legs to detect DVT. Treatment aims to dissolve or prevent further clot formation and may involve anticoagulant medications, thrombolytic therapy, or surgical intervention in severe cases.

Prevention strategies focus on reducing risk factors and may include the use of anticoagulants for high-risk patients, early mobilization post-surgery, and compression devices. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and minimizing the risk of complications associated with keuhkoembolisuus.