Ketchup

Ketchup is a savory sauce that is typically tomato-based and flavored with vinegar, sugar, salt, and a blend of spices and seasonings. It is most commonly associated with Western cuisines, especially as a condiment for foods such as french fries, hamburgers, and hot dogs, but tomato ketchup is produced and consumed worldwide in a variety of regional styles.

The word ketchup has uncertain origins and may derive from a Malay or Chinese term referring to a fermentation-based sauce. Early recipes described fish, mushroom, or fruit-based sauces rather than tomatoes. Tomato-based ketchup became widespread in the 19th century, with commercial production expanding in the United States in the late 1800s. Major brands popularized standardized formulas and bottling, helping to define the modern ketchup found in many supermarkets.

Modern ketchup is made by cooking down tomatoes and concentrating their natural sugars, then adding vinegar, sugar or corn syrup, salt, and a mixture of spices or flavorings. Thickeners, colorants, and preservatives are often included to improve texture, appearance, and shelf life. There are many regional variations, including "catsup" spellings, spicy or smoky versions, and fruit-based ketchups (such as apple or regional fruit variants). Some markets offer reduced-sodium or no-sugar-added options.

Nutritional content varies by brand and formulation. A typical tablespoon (about 17 grams) of standard tomato ketchup provides around 15 calories, 0 grams of fat, about 4 grams of carbohydrates (mostly sugars), and roughly 190 milligrams of sodium. Ketchup is used as a condiment, a base for sauces, and a flavor enhancer in various culinary applications.