KaukasusGebirge

KaukasusGebirge, known in English as the Caucasus Mountains, is a major mountain system at the boundary between Europe and Asia. It stretches roughly 1,100 kilometers from the western Black Sea coast to the eastern Caspian Sea, and comprises two main subranges: the Greater Caucasus in the north and the Lesser Caucasus in the south, with numerous plateaus and foothills in between. The highest peak is Mount Elbrus, at 5,642 meters, located in the western North Caucasus in Russia. The range serves as a geographic barrier, shaping climate, drainage divides, and biogeography for the surrounding regions.

Geology: The Caucasus is part of the Alpide belt, formed by the collision of the Eurasian Plate with the Arabian Plate and related microplates. Tectonic forces produced the high peaks, deep gorges, and complex geologic structure seen today.

Climate and ecology: Elevations create diverse climates, from humid subtropical conditions on western slopes to alpine and glacial environments at higher elevations. Vegetation ranges from broadleaf forests in the western foothills to steppe and alpine tundra at altitude. The area is known for high biodiversity and many endemic species.

People and culture: The Caucasus is ethnically diverse, including communities such as Georgians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Chechens, Circassians, Ossetians, and others. The region has a long history of trade, crossing routes such as passes used in the Silk Road, and a rich tradition of languages, music, and crafts. Contemporary governance includes Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, with several autonomous or disputed entities in the broader region.