Elbrus

Elbrus is a dormant volcanic massif in the western Caucasus, Russia. It comprises two summits, the Western Elbrus at 5,642 metres and the Eastern Elbrus at 5,621 metres, and is widely regarded as the highest peak in Europe. The mountain lies near the border with Georgia and is part of the Elbrus National Park.

Geology and environment: Elbrus is a double-summit stratovolcano. It last erupted in prehistoric times and is currently considered dormant. The peak is heavily glaciated, with multiple glaciers feeding the surrounding valleys. The area supports alpine flora and fauna adapted to high-altitude conditions.

Climbing and access: Elbrus is a popular mountaineering objective and is commonly included in lists of the Seven Summits as Europe’s highest peak. The ascent is a non-technical snow-and-ice climb on the southern and western slopes, but it requires careful acclimatization and preparation. Access typically begins from nearby settlements and is facilitated by a network of roads and cable cars that deliver climbers to high-base areas. The main hazards include altitude sickness, crevasses, and rapidly changing weather.

Protection and significance: The surrounding region is protected to preserve glaciers and alpine ecosystems, reflecting the mountain’s ecological and cultural importance. Elbrus remains a prominent landmark of the Caucasus and a central destination for mountaineers seeking the European high point.