Chechens

Chechens are an ethnic group native to the North Caucasus, primarily inhabiting the Chechen Republic in the Russian Federation. They form the majority population of Chechnya and have a widespread diaspora in Russia, Turkey, Europe, and the Middle East. Global estimates vary, but the community is commonly placed at around two to three million people worldwide.

The Chechen language belongs to the Northeast Caucasian language family, and most Chechens are bilingual, speaking Chechen alongside Russian in many communities.

Islam has been central to Chechen identity since the early modern era. Most Chechens follow Sunni Islam, predominantly the Shafi'i school, with a long history of Sufi influence. In contemporary times, religious practice varies, with both traditional and secular perspectives present within the population.

History: The Chechens originate from the North Caucasus, and during the 18th–19th centuries they resisted Russian expansion in the Caucasian War. After incorporation into the Russian Empire, Chechnya experienced Soviet policies, including deportations in 1944 under Stalin. In the 1990s, Chechnya sought independence, resulting in two wars with Russia. A 2000s settlement reestablished Moscow’s authority, and since the early 2000s Chechnya has been governed within the Russian federation as the Chechen Republic, with security measures and reconstruction projects continuing amid ongoing human rights concerns raised by various organizations.

Culture: Chechen society has traditionally organized around kin-based teips (clans) and the adat customary code, with strong emphasis on hospitality, family duty, and honor. Cultural expressions include folk music, dance such as the lezginka, and crafts; cuisine centers on meat dishes, breads, and tea.