Kateterle

Kateterle is a term used in medical contexts to describe methods that use a catheter to access the body's internal spaces or systems. In practice, kateterle encompasses placing, guiding, and using catheters to drain fluids, deliver medications, monitor physiological parameters, or obtain samples.

There are many types of catheters. Urinary catheters (intermittent catheterization and indwelling Foley catheters) are used to empty the bladder. Peripheral venous catheters allow short-term intravenous access, while central venous catheters (subclavian, internal jugular, or femoral) provide longer-term or higher-risk access. Arterial lines monitor blood pressure and draw blood. Implanted ports and peritoneal dialysis catheters enable ongoing access for therapy. Other examples include chest drainage tubes and specialized interventional radiology catheters.

Indications vary but commonly include relief of urinary retention, collection of urine samples, administration of fluids or drugs, rapid medication delivery, hemodynamic monitoring, diagnostic sampling, and drainage of fluid collections. Catheters may be placed for short procedures or long-term therapy, such as chemotherapy, nutrition, or renal replacement.

Procedures require aseptic technique and, for many sites, local anesthesia. Imaging guidance (ultrasound or fluoroscopy) may be used. Care involves monitoring the insertion site, securing the catheter, and regular flushing or patency checks. Removal should occur as soon as it is no longer needed to reduce infection and other risks.

Risks and complications include infection, catheter-related bloodstream infection, bleeding, vessel or tissue injury, thrombosis, occlusion, dislodgement, and, in some placements, pneumothorax or organ injury.

Materials commonly used include silicone, latex, and polyurethane, with surface coatings to reduce friction and infection risk.