Kartojimas

Kartojimas is a Lithuanian noun meaning repetition or reiteration. It derives from the verb kartoti, “to repeat,” and can refer to repeating actions, sounds, phrases, or events. The term is used across language, education, rhetoric, and science to describe processes that occur more than once or are repeated for emphasis or learning.

In education, kartojimas denotes deliberate practice—drills, repeated exercises, or spaced repetition techniques that strengthen memory and skill. In language learning, repeating phonemes, words, and phrases supports pronunciation and retention and is a common component of teaching methods and study tools.

In literature and rhetoric, kartojimas refers to repetition used to create emphasis, rhythm, or cohesion. It encompasses repeating words, phrases, or sentence structures, and intersects with figures such as anaphora and epizeuxis, depending on linguistic tradition.

In science and technology, the concept aligns with iteration or repetitive procedures—repeating steps until a condition is met. In computing, this is implemented by loops and repeated processes that drive simulations, data processing, and algorithmic solutions.