Karjandusest

Karjandusest is the Estonian term for animal husbandry, the branch of agriculture concerned with the breeding, rearing, and management of domesticated animals for meat, milk, fiber, work, and other products or services. It encompasses the care of livestock herds and flocks, the design of housing and pasture systems, nutrition, health care, welfare, and breeding programs intended to improve productivity, adaptability, and sustainability.

Core livestock groups include cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and poultry, though the composition varies by region and farming system. Key practices include selective breeding and genetics, feed formulation and grazing management, housing and confinement conditions, reproduction management, vaccination and disease control, and record-keeping for performance and welfare. Producers may operate under extensive, semi-intensive, or intensive systems, balancing productivity with animal welfare and environmental considerations.

Historically, animal husbandry developed from subsistence farming to organized production aligned with advances in nutrition, veterinary science, and genetics. Modern karjandusest relies on scientific knowledge, data-driven management, and, increasingly, automation and precision farming to monitor health, nutrition, and reproduction.

Economically, animal husbandry plays a major role in rural economies and food security. It poses environmental challenges, including land use, methane emissions, and nutrient management, which drive policies toward sustainability, efficiency, and welfare standards. Education and research institutions study karjandusest to improve genetics, nutrition, animal welfare, and farm management practices.