Karbamiidi

Karbamiidi, also known as urea, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CO(NH2)2. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. Karbamiidi is the primary nitrogen-containing substance excreted by animals and is the most important nitrogenous fertilizer in the world.

In nature, karbamiidi is produced in the liver of mammals and other animals as a waste product of protein metabolism. It is then transported to the kidneys and excreted in urine. This process is crucial for removing excess nitrogen from the body, which can be toxic.

Industrially, karbamiidi is synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide through a process known as the Bosch-Meiser urea process. This large-scale production makes it readily available for various applications.

The most significant use of karbamiidi is as a fertilizer. Its high nitrogen content is essential for plant growth, promoting the development of leaves and stems. It is applied directly to the soil or incorporated into fertilizer blends.

Beyond agriculture, karbamiidi has other uses. It is a component in the production of plastics, such as urea-formaldehyde resins, which are used in adhesives, laminates, and molded products. It is also found in some cosmetics and skincare products due to its moisturizing properties. In some cases, it is used in animal feed as a non-protein nitrogen source to supplement the diet of ruminants. Furthermore, it is utilized in the automotive industry as a component in Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.