Kapszulázásban

Kapszulázásban, in programming, refers to the bundling of data (attributes) and the methods that operate on that data within a single unit, typically a class. This concept is a fundamental principle of object-oriented programming (OOP). The primary goal of encapsulation is to hide the internal state of an object and require all interaction to occur through its public methods. This protects the object's data from direct external modification, preventing accidental corruption or misuse.

Encapsulation promotes data integrity by controlling how data is accessed and modified. By defining public interfaces (methods), developers can enforce rules and validations before data is changed. This also leads to more modular and maintainable code. Changes to the internal implementation of a class do not necessarily affect other parts of the program, as long as the public interface remains the same. This principle is often associated with the concept of abstraction, where complex internal details are hidden from the user, who only interacts with a simplified interface.

In practice, encapsulation is achieved through access modifiers like 'public', 'private', and 'protected'. Private members are only accessible within the class itself, while public members can be accessed from outside. Protected members are accessible within the class and its subclasses. By judiciously using these modifiers, developers can effectively encapsulate the data and logic of their objects.