Kappei

Kappei is a traditional Japanese musical instrument belonging to the family of bowed string instruments, specifically a type of *koto* (a long, plucked zither). Unlike the standard koto, which is played with plectrums, the kappei is played using a bow, similar to a violin or cello. Its name derives from the Japanese words *kappu* (to pluck) and *ei* (sound), though it is more accurately described as a bowed instrument.

The kappei originated in the Edo period (1603–1868) and was developed as a portable alternative to the larger koto. It features 13 strings, typically made of silk or nylon, stretched over a wooden body with a curved neck. The instrument is held vertically, and the player uses a horsehair bow to produce a rich, resonant tone. Its sound is often described as warm and mellow, with a depth that contrasts with the brighter tones of the koto.

The kappei is primarily used in *kayōkyoku* (popular Japanese songs) and *enka* (a form of Japanese ballad), though it also appears in classical Japanese music and folk traditions. Its compact size makes it suitable for solo performances or accompaniment in small ensembles. While less common than the koto, the kappei remains a distinctive instrument in Japanese musical culture, valued for its expressive capabilities and historical significance.

Today, the kappei is occasionally featured in contemporary Japanese music and experimental performances, though it remains a niche instrument. Its construction and playing technique require skill, and mastering the kappei often involves training in traditional Japanese music theory. Despite its rarity, the instrument continues to be appreciated for its unique sound and cultural heritage.