Kapazorul

Kapazorul is a term that refers to a capacitor, an electronic component. A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It consists of two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material, an insulating substance. When a voltage is applied across the plates, positive charge accumulates on one plate and negative charge on the other. This separation of charge creates an electric field in the dielectric, and it is this field that stores the energy.

The ability of a capacitor to store charge is measured by its capacitance, which is defined as the ratio of the charge stored to the voltage applied. Capacitance is typically measured in farads (F), although smaller units like microfarads (µF), nanofarads (nF), and picofarads (pF) are more commonly used due to the small capacitance values of most practical capacitors. The dielectric material plays a significant role in determining the capacitance; different dielectric materials have different permittivity values, affecting how much charge can be stored for a given voltage.

Capacitors are fundamental components in a wide variety of electronic circuits. They are used for energy storage, filtering out unwanted frequencies in signals, blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass, and for timing circuits. Their applications range from simple smoothing of power supplies in electronic devices to complex signal processing in telecommunications and energy storage in high-power systems like flash photography and electric vehicle charging. The design and construction of capacitors vary greatly depending on their intended use, with different types offering specific characteristics such as high capacitance, high voltage rating, or low leakage.