Kaliumsuperoxid

Kaliumsuperoxid, known in English as potassium superoxide and chemical formula KO2, is an inorganic compound consisting of potassium ions (K+) paired with the superoxide anion (O2−). In pure form it appears as orange-yellow crystalline solids and is highly hygroscopic, reacting readily with moisture in the air. The compound is a strong oxidizer and is sensitive to moisture, heat, and organic materials.

Potassium superoxide is notable for its oxygen-generating behavior. It reacts with carbon dioxide and moisture to release oxygen, a property exploited in life-support systems. A commonly cited reaction with carbon dioxide is 4 KO2 + 2 CO2 → 2 K2CO3 + 3 O2, illustrating its use in chemical oxygen generation and carbon dioxide scrubbing in enclosed environments. It also reacts with water to release oxygen, and the resulting products are highly alkaline. Because of its reactivity, KO2 is stored and handled under dry, inert or tightly sealed conditions to prevent unwanted side reactions.

Production and handling are specialized, typically involving controlled oxidation processes and strict moisture control. In practical applications KO2 is used in chemical oxygen generators for submarines, spacecraft, and emergency oxygen devices, where oxygen is liberated on demand from the solid by reacting with CO2 or water. It is chosen for its high oxygen yield and solid-state storage, though its reactivity requires careful engineering controls.

Safety considerations are essential: as a strong oxidizer, KO2 can ignite or accelerate fires in contact with organic materials or reducing agents. It should be stored away from moisture, acids, and incompatible substances, and handled with appropriate protective equipment and procedures.