Kaebus
Kaebus is an Estonian noun meaning a formal complaint or request for remedy submitted to an authority or service provider about a decision, action, or lack of action that affects the complainant. It functions as a procedural instrument to challenge conduct or outcomes and to seek correction, compensation, or clarification. The term is used across public institutions, courts, ombudsman offices, and private providers.
A kaebus can be written or, in some systems, oral, but a written form is typically preferred
Process and outcomes vary by jurisdiction. After submission, the body responsible reviews the complaint, may request
Etymologically, kaebus derives from the Estonian verb kaebama, ‘to complain.’ The term remains widely used in