Külmetused

Külmetused, commonly known as the common cold, are widespread viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. They are most frequently caused by rhinoviruses, though other viruses can also be responsible. Symptoms typically appear one to three days after exposure to the virus and can include a runny nose, sore throat, coughing, sneezing, mild body aches, and sometimes a low-grade fever. While a cold can cause discomfort, it is generally a mild illness.

Transmission of cold viruses occurs through respiratory droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can be inhaled directly or picked up by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the eyes, nose, or mouth. There is no cure for the common cold; treatment focuses on managing symptoms. This often involves rest, adequate fluid intake, and over-the-counter medications to alleviate pain, fever, and nasal congestion. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections like the common cold.

Preventative measures include frequent hand washing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and not touching the face. While colds are usually self-limiting and resolve within a week to ten days, complications such as sinus infections or ear infections can occasionally occur. Individuals with weakened immune systems may experience more severe symptoms or a longer recovery period.