Jääkirveet

Jääkirveet, often translated as ice axes, are tools primarily used in mountaineering and ice climbing. They consist of a sharpened metal head mounted on a shaft, which can vary in length and material. The head typically features a pick for chopping into ice and snow, and an adze for excavating ice or clearing snow. The shaft provides leverage and can be used as a probing tool.

Historically, early forms of ice axes were used by shepherds and travelers in mountainous regions for stability on icy terrain. Modern ice axes have evolved significantly, with specialized designs catering to different disciplines. For general mountaineering, longer shafts offer better balance and support on varied terrain, while shorter, more aggressively curved shafts are favored in technical ice climbing for greater maneuverability and power.

The primary function of an ice axe is to provide security. It can be used as a walking stick on less severe slopes, or plunged into the snow or ice to arrest a fall. In steeper conditions, climbers use techniques like "daggering" (holding the axe by the head) or "piolet-traction" (using the axe like a tool to ascend) for vertical climbing. The choice of ice axe depends on the intended use, the climber's experience, and the specific conditions of the climb. Safety is paramount when using an ice axe, and proper training is essential.