Juniper

Juniper refers to evergreen coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus, within the cypress family Cupressaceae. The group contains roughly 60 to 70 species of shrubs and trees native to temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, especially North America, Europe, and Asia. Most species are drought-tolerant and slow-growing. Female plants produce cone-like structures that ripen into fleshy, bluish berries that persist into winter. These berries are used as a culinary flavoring and as a source for essential oils in perfumery; in distilled form they flavor gin.

Leaves are either needle-like or scale-like, arranged in patterns that vary by species. Growth forms range from prostrate ground covers to tall trees. Junipers occupy a variety of habitats, from alpine scree and dry hillsides to lowland woodlands. Notable species include Juniperus communis (common juniper) with a wide circumboreal distribution and Juniperus virginiana (Eastern red cedar) in North America.

Cultivation and ecology: Junipers prefer full sun and well-drained soils; many tolerate drought and poor soils. They are commonly used in landscaping as ornamentals and for ground cover, screens, or specimen plants. They require limited pruning and are generally pest- and disease-resistant, though some are susceptible to rusts such as cedar-apple rust, as well as root and stem diseases in poorly drained soils. In horticulture, numerous cultivars have been developed for varying foliage colors, growth habits, and berry display.