Jelölnyelvek

Jelölnyelvek, often translated as sign languages, are natural languages that utilize visual-spatial means of expression rather than auditory ones. They are complete, complex linguistic systems with their own unique grammar, syntax, and vocabulary. Sign languages are not universal; different countries and regions have their own distinct sign languages, just as spoken languages do. For example, American Sign Language (ASL) is different from British Sign Language (BSL), and neither is mutually intelligible with French Sign Language (LSF).

The visual components of sign languages include handshapes, movements, orientation of the hands, placement in signing space, and non-manual features such as facial expressions, body posture, and head movements. These elements work together to convey meaning, including grammatical information and emotional nuances. Sign languages are the primary means of communication for many Deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals worldwide. They are also used by hearing individuals who communicate with Deaf people. Linguistic research has established that sign languages possess all the properties of spoken languages, including the capacity to express abstract concepts, generate infinite new utterances, and evolve over time.