Jatim

Jawa Timur, commonly abbreviated Jatim, is a province of Indonesia located on the eastern part of the island of Java. It stretches from the northern Java Sea coast to the southern Indian Ocean and includes Madura Island and several smaller offshore islands.

The provincial capital is Surabaya, which is also the largest city and a major port. The province is governed by a regional administration led by a governor.

Geography features a variety of landscapes, from coastal plains to volcanic highlands. Mount Semeru, Java’s highest volcano, lies in the interior and is part of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. Other notable volcanic sites include Mount Ijen near Banyuwangi. The climate is tropical with distinct wet and dry seasons.

East Java is one of Indonesia’s most populous provinces, with Javanese and Madurese communities forming the majority. The region is predominantly Muslim, with minority Hindu, Christian, and Buddhist communities, particularly around the Tengger highlands and coastal towns.

Its economy is diverse, combining manufacturing, trade, agriculture, and tourism. The port of Tanjung Perak in Surabaya is a major regional logistics hub. The Suramadu Bridge connects Surabaya with Madura. Agricultural products include rice, sugarcane, tobacco, and cacao, while fisheries and tourism contribute to income.

Historically, East Java is associated with the Majapahit empire, whose center is believed to have been in the Mojokerto-Trowulan area. The region passed through Dutch colonial rule and became part of the Republic of Indonesia after 1945. The province continues to develop its infrastructure and regional industries.