Jarðgas

Jarðgas, often called natural gas in English, is a fossil fuel consisting mainly of methane (CH4), with smaller amounts of other hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane and butane, and nonhydrocarbon gases. It forms from the decay of organic matter under high temperature and pressure deep underground and is typically found in porous rock formations, sometimes in association with crude oil.

Most natural gas reserves are accessed by drilling wells; gas may be produced as associated gas with oil or as non-associated gas from gas fields. After extraction, it is processed to remove water, CO2, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and heavier hydrocarbons, and is often odorized with mercaptans for safety. It is transported via pipelines or as liquefied natural gas (LNG) for long-distance shipment, depending on infrastructure and market needs.

Uses of jarðgas include heating, electricity generation, and as a feedstock in chemical manufacturing (for example hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis). It is valued for a high energy content and relatively lower emissions compared with coal and oil, though methane leakage during extraction, processing, and transport poses climate concerns.

In the Icelandic context, jarðgas is not produced domestically in significant volumes; Iceland relies predominantly on geothermal energy and hydroelectric power for electricity and heating. Natural gas consumption in Iceland is limited, with most natural gas used being imported where needed, rather than sourced domestically.

Environmental and safety considerations include methane’s status as a potent greenhouse gas and the importance of minimizing leaks, alongside the flammability of natural gas and the need for proper odorization, detection, and infrastructure safety measures.