Jaotusjaam

Jaotusjaam is an Estonian term for a distribution station or substation in an electrical power distribution network. It serves as a point where electric energy is transformed from higher to lower voltage levels and is routed to feeders that supply households, businesses, and industry. Jaotusjaamad can connect transmission networks to distribution networks or interconnect different parts of the distribution system to improve reliability and flexibility.

A jaotusjaam typically houses transformers, switchgear, protection and control equipment, and measurement devices. Depending on the design, it may be air-insulated (AIS) or gas-insulated (GIS). Key components include busbars, circuit breakers, disconnectors, and protection relays that detect faults and automatically isolate affected sections to maintain service continuity and safety. Modern installations are often equipped with remote monitoring and control systems, such as SCADA, to coordinate operation with grid control centers.

Jaotusjaamad vary in size and voltage level, but they generally handle medium to low voltage step-downs (for example from MV to LV) and may serve as important junctions within urban or industrial networks. They are designed for high reliability and safety, with regular maintenance and clear procedures for fault handling.

The role of jaotusjaamad is essential for secure electricity supply, enabling efficient distribution, fault isolation, and network reconfiguration during disturbances. They are operated by distribution network operators in accordance with national and European electrical standards and grid codes.