Jamaica

Jamaica is an island nation located in the Caribbean Sea, part of the Greater Antilles. It covers 10,991 square kilometers and has a population of about 2.9 million. The capital and largest city is Kingston. Jamaica is an independent country within the Commonwealth of Nations; it gained full independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962 and remains a constitutional monarchy with Charles III as head of state, represented by a Governor-General. The Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Senate (upper house) and the House of Representatives (lower house). The Prime Minister is the head of government and exercises executive power.

Geography and climate: Jamaica is mostly mountainous, with the Blue Mountains in the east and tropical lowlands along the coast. The climate is tropical, with a wet and a dry season, and vulnerability to tropical storms and hurricanes.

Economy: The economy relies heavily on services, especially tourism, along with bauxite/alumina production, agriculture, and remittances. The Jamaican dollar (JMD) is the national currency. Tourism centers on resorts along the north and south coasts and cultural heritage sites, including music and cuisine.

Demographics and culture: English is the official language; Jamaican Patois is widely spoken. The population is predominantly Christian. Jamaica has a rich cultural heritage in music and sport; reggae and dancehall have international influence, and athletes such as Usain Bolt have achieved global fame.

Environmental notes: Jamaica features coral reefs, mangroves, and upland forests; several areas are protected as national parks and reserve ecosystems.