Jackdaws

Jackdaws are medium-sized birds in the crow family, genus Corvus. The best-known species is the Eurasian jackdaw (Corvus monedula). They are smaller than crows and ravens, with black plumage, a gray nape, and pale eyes.

They are native to Europe and western Asia and have spread to other regions in some areas. Jackdaws inhabit woodlands, farmland, cliffs, and urban environments. They nest in cavities, such as holes in trees, cliffs, or buildings, often in colonies.

Their diet is omnivorous, including insects and other invertebrates, seeds, fruits, grains, and opportunistic human foods. They forage on the ground or in trees and are known for resourceful feeding and occasional crop raiding in agricultural areas.

Jackdaws are highly social and vocal; they form communal roosts and moving groups. They have a varied and distinctive call described as "jack-jack." They are considered highly intelligent among birds, capable of problem solving and recognizing individual humans, and they store and retrieve food to some extent.

Breeding occurs in spring. Pairs are generally monogamous and defend a nesting site together. The female lays several eggs, which both parents incubate, and the young are fed by both parents until fledging a few weeks later.

Conservation status is Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. The species is widespread and common, though local declines may occur where habitat is reduced or farming practices change.