Izolace

Izolace is the term used for materials and techniques that reduce unwanted transfer of heat, sound, electricity, or moisture between spaces. In civil engineering and building construction, izolace most often refers to thermal insulation, but it also covers acoustic, electrical, and moisture barriers.

Thermal izolace aims to limit heat transfer between indoors and outdoors. Common materials include mineral wool, fiberglass, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, and polyurethane foams. Performance is described by thermal conductivity (lambda) and overall resistance (R-value or RSI). Effectiveness depends on material thickness, installation quality, and air leakage. Typical applications are walls, roofs, floors, and exterior insulated facades.

Acoustic izolace reduces sound transmission. It relies on mass, porosity, and installation geometry. Materials such as mineral wool, fiberglass, and acoustic boards are used in walls, floors, and ceilings. Measurements include the weighted sound reduction index (Rw) and impact noise metrics.

Electrical izolace refers to dielectric insulation of conductors and components, using plastics, rubber, ceramics, and composites with high resistivity and dielectric strength. Moisture and vapor isolation protect assemblies from condensation and mold, using vapor barriers and proper drainage.

Design considerations include fire performance, durability, and environmental impact. Standards from IEC, EN, and local building codes govern materials, testing, and installation. Maintenance and periodic inspection help detect degradation or thermal bridges.

Isolace contributes to energy efficiency, comfort, and safety, with economic benefits from reduced energy use and improved material longevity.