Isopropanolo

Isopropanolo, known in English as isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol, is the chemical compound propan-2-ol with formula C3H8O. It is a colorless, flammable, miscible liquid widely used as a solvent and antiseptic.

Physical and chemical properties include a boiling point of 82.6 °C, a density of about 0.785 g/mL at 20 °C, and miscibility with water and many organic solvents. It is classified as a polar protic solvent, aiding its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances, including oils, resins, and many inorganic and organic compounds.

Commercial production of isopropanol is mainly by acid-catalyzed hydration of propene, yielding propan-2-ol. It can also be produced by hydrogenation of acetone or as a byproduct of other chemical processes such as the cumene process. It is widely available as a chemical reagent and consumer product.

Major applications include use as a solvent in coatings, inks, cleaning products, and cosmetics; as a reagent in organic synthesis; and as an antiseptic in healthcare settings and consumer products such as hand sanitizers, typically formulated at about 60–80% v/v in water.

Safety and handling considerations: isopropanol is a flammable liquid; vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. It can irritate the skin and eyes and may cause central nervous system effects if inhaled or ingested in large amounts. It is rapidly metabolized in the body to acetone. Storage should be in tightly closed containers away from heat and sources of ignition.

Environmental aspects: isopropanol is readily biodegradable and has relatively low aquatic toxicity at typical environmental concentrations, though high concentrations can be harmful to aquatic life.