Ischialgie

Ischialgie, commonly known as sciatica, refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve. This nerve originates in the lower back, passes through the buttocks, and extends down the back of each leg. Ischialgie is not a medical diagnosis in itself but rather a symptom of an underlying condition that irritates or compresses the sciatic nerve.

The most frequent cause of ischialgie is a herniated lumbar disc. When the soft inner material of a spinal disc protrudes and presses on the sciatic nerve root, it can trigger pain. Other common causes include spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the spinal canal, which can put pressure on the nerve. Degenerative disc disease, where the discs wear down over time, can also lead to nerve compression. Piriformis syndrome, a condition where the piriformis muscle in the buttock spasms and irritates the sciatic nerve, is another possibility. Less common causes can include spondylolisthesis, where one vertebra slips forward over another, or tumors pressing on the nerve.

Symptoms of ischialgie typically include pain in the lower back, buttocks, or leg, which can range from a dull ache to a sharp, burning sensation. This pain may worsen with sitting, coughing, or sneezing. Numbness or tingling sensations, as well as muscle weakness in the affected leg, can also occur. The specific location and intensity of the pain depend on which part of the sciatic nerve is affected. Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination, and imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans may be used to identify the underlying cause. Treatment focuses on addressing the root cause and managing pain, and may include physical therapy, medication, and in some cases, surgery.