Irak

Irak, commonly known as Iraq, is a country located in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. Its capital city is Baghdad, which is also the largest city and a major cultural and economic hub.

Historically, Iraq is considered the cradle of civilization, home to some of the world's earliest urban societies, including Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria. The region has a rich cultural heritage, with contributions to writing, law, architecture, and science. Iraq’s territory currently encompasses diverse landscapes, including desert plains, mountain ranges, and fertile river valleys, notably around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

The modern state of Iraq was established after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire following World War I, under British mandate. It gained independence in 1932 and has since experienced significant political and social upheaval, including coups, wars, and periods of authoritarian rule. In recent decades, Iraq has faced ongoing conflict, notably the Iraq War beginning in 2003, which resulted in political instability and sectarian divisions.

Economically, Iraq’s wealth largely comes from oil reserves, which are among the largest globally. Oil exports are central to the country’s economy, influencing political negotiations and regional power dynamics. Despite this wealth, Iraq faces challenges such as infrastructure development, political stability, and social reconciliation.

Iraq is a member of various international organizations, including the United Nations and the Arab League. The country’s cultural diversity includes Arabs, Kurds, Turkmens, and other ethnic groups, contributing to a complex social fabric. Efforts continue towards rebuilding and stabilizing the nation, with an emphasis on restoring its historical cultural significance and ensuring sustainable development.