sectarian

Sectarian refers to matters related to a sect or to the divisions within a larger group along religious or ideological lines. The term is used to describe attitudes, policies, or social arrangements that privilege one sect over others or frame life in terms of sect membership. Sectarianism denotes a tendency to view people and events through a sectarian lens, which can lead to discrimination, segregation, or conflict.

Etymology and usage: The adjective derives from the Latin secta, meaning a group, faction, or path, and entered English via earlier forms such as sect. The noun and adjective have long been used in religious and political contexts to identify loyalties and divisions that are not based on universal or civic terms.

Contexts and forms: In religion, sectarianism involves favoritism, hostility, or exclusion among different sects within a faith. In politics, sectarian mobilization uses sect identity to organize support and governance, sometimes at the expense of broader national or civic unity. In society, it can manifest in segregated schooling, neighborhoods, or employment, and it can contribute to violence or intimidation when tensions intensify.

Examples and implications: Sectarian tensions have been evident in various historical and regional settings, such as Catholic–Protestant rivalries in parts of Europe, and Sunni–Shia dynamics in parts of the Middle East. In diverse societies, sectarianism can undermine social cohesion if not countered by inclusive institutions and policies.

Countermeasures: Addressing sectarianism typically involves promoting equal rights, secular governance in public life, cross-community dialogue, and measures to reduce discrimination and build shared civic space.

See also: Sectarianism, Religious intolerance, Interfaith dialogue, Secularism.