Inversiyon

Inversiyon is a term used across disciplines to denote reversal or inversion of order, orientation, or relation. The word derives from Latin inversio and has been adopted into Turkish as inversiyon to describe various reversed or opposite forms in different fields.

In linguistics, inversiyon (inversion) refers to a construction in which the usual word order is reversed for emphasis, interrogation, or stylistic effect. Examples include verb–subject inversions after fronted adverbials in some languages; in Turkish the effect is more limited but can occur in certain focus or question forms.

In mathematics and logic, inversion denotes the operation that undoes another operation: inverse functions, inverse images under a mapping, and geometric inversion (inversion with respect to a circle) that maps points to reciprocal distances from a center. Inversion preserves some properties while transforming others, and it is a fundamental concept in geometry and analysis.

In meteorology, a temperature inversion is a vertical layer of warmer air that lies above cooler air, which suppresses vertical mixing and can trap pollutants near the surface. In chemistry, Walden inversion refers to the stereochemical inversion that occurs at a chiral center during certain reactions, notably SN2 mechanisms, resulting in the opposite configuration.

In anatomy and medicine, inversion commonly describes turning a body part inward: for example, foot inversion is the turning of the sole toward the midline. Inversion injuries are ankle sprains caused by an inward turn of the foot, often affecting ligaments on the outer side of the ankle.

In music theory, inversion changes the arrangement of notes in a chord or melody while preserving the interval structure; chord inversions place different chord tones in the bass, altering the sonority without changing the underlying harmony.