Intersex

Intersex describes a set of congenital variations in sex characteristics—such as chromosomes, gonads, hormones, or anatomy—that do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies. It is not a disease or a single condition. Intersex traits can be present at birth or discovered later in life, and they range from chromosomal patterns to differences in genital development or gonadal tissue. The spectrum is broad, and many individuals have a mix of characteristics that are not exclusively male or female.

The term covers a variety of conditions and natural variations. Examples include chromosomal patterns such as XXY or XO, differences in how the body responds to hormones, or variations in genital or gonadal development. Some people have fully typical external genitalia but atypical internal biology, while others may have outward features that are not clearly male or female. Intersex is about biological diversity, not a single diagnosis.

Medical care for intersex people has evolved. In the past, some infants underwent surgical or hormonal treatments aimed at making bodies fit binary categories. Today, many medical groups emphasize informed, voluntary decision-making, bodily autonomy, and individualized care. There is ongoing debate and advocacy regarding the timing of interventions, with many supporting delaying non-urgent procedures until the person can participate in the choice.

Terminology and recognition are varied. Some communities prefer terms like intersex or differences in sex characteristics, while others have used the medical label disorders or differences of sex development (DSD). Prevalence estimates vary by definition, but intersex is recognized as a natural human variation occurring across populations. Legal, social, and medical advances continue to address rights, privacy, and inclusion for intersex people.