Internationalisering

Internationalisering (internationalization) is the process by which an organization increases its international involvement and capability to operate across borders. It encompasses the expansion of markets, cross-border partnerships, and the adaptation of products, services, and organizational practices to diverse cultural, legal, and linguistic contexts. It is distinct from globalization, which describes broader economic and cultural integration; internationalisering is the active preparation and adjustment to function in multiple markets.

Key elements include market entry strategies (exporting, licensing, joint ventures, wholly owned subsidiaries), localization and translation of products and communications, and cross-cultural management. It also involves governance, regulatory compliance, intellectual property protection, and data privacy considerations across jurisdictions. In software, internationalisering refers to designing systems to support multiple languages, regional formats, and standards without reengineering.

Applications span multiple sectors. In business, internationalisering aims to increase revenue, access talent, and spread risk, while managing costs and complexity. In education, universities pursue internationalisering through student and staff mobility, international research collaboration, and curricula with international relevance. In government and public policy, it includes international cooperation, harmonization of standards, and participation in international institutions.

The process typically includes market analysis, strategy development, localization, partner selection, capability building, and ongoing evaluation. Benefits can include growth and resilience; challenges include cultural differences, regulatory fragmentation, language barriers, and resource demands. Effective internationalisering aligns with organizational strategy and values, and emphasizes cross-cultural competence and continuous learning.