Internaliserad

Internaliserad, or internalized in English, is an adjective used to describe beliefs, attitudes, values, or behaviors that have been absorbed into an individual's own mental framework as if they were self-generated rather than externally imposed. The term is used across psychology, sociology, education, and cultural studies to refer to the process or state of attitudes becoming part of one’s self-concept.

Etymology and usage: The Swedish term derives from the verb internalisera, with the past participle internaliserad. In Swedish discourse it often appears in phrases like internaliserad norm or internaliserad skuld; in English-language texts the equivalent term is internalized. The concept covers both cognitive acceptance and normative alignment with social expectations.

Contexts and mechanisms: In psychology, internalization describes how external rules, expectations, or identities are integrated into self-concept, influencing motivation and behavior through identification and internal reinforcement. In sociology and cultural studies, it refers to the uptake of social norms, power relations, or stigmas as part of personal identity. Internalisation can be adaptive—facilitating self-regulation and social cohesion—or maladaptive, contributing to internalized oppression, guilt, or bias.

Examples and implications: Internalised sexism or racism occurs when individuals adopt negative beliefs about their own group. Internalized homophobia can shape attitudes toward sexual minorities. In education and health, reducing harmful internalization and promoting critical reflection is often a goal of intervention and pedagogy.

Measurement and critique: Researchers use self-report scales, interviews, and observations, noting that internalisation is context-dependent and fluid rather than a fixed trait. Some critiques emphasize its complexity and caution against treating it as a single determinant of behavior.