Interferometriaa
Interferometriaa is a family of measurement techniques that exploit the interference of waves to infer properties of light, sound, or other wave phenomena. By combining two or more wavefronts with a known phase relationship, interferometry translates small phase differences into measurable changes in light intensity or other signals.
The central idea is coherence and optical path difference. An interferometer splits a wave, delays one portion,
Common devices include optical interferometers such as the Michelson, Mach–Zehnder, and Fabry–Pérot configurations; radio and optical
Applications span astronomy (measuring stellar diameters, imaging surfaces, and very-long-baseline interferometry for distant objects), metrology and
Historically, interference experiments began in the 19th century with Young and Fizeau; the Michelson interferometer became
Limitations include the need for coherent, stable waves, environmental isolation from vibrations and temperature fluctuations, precise