Inhalators

Inhalators, or inhalers, are devices that deliver medicated aerosols or powders to the lungs via inhalation. They are used to treat respiratory conditions and can provide quick relief or long-term control.

The main types are metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), soft mist inhalers (SMIs), and nebulizers. MDIs deliver a measured dose with a propellant, now often hydrofluoroalkane. DPIs deliver powder inhaled by the patient, and SMIs release a fine mist for easier use. Nebulizers convert liquid medicine into a mist for breathing from a mask or mouthpiece.

Inhalators commonly administer bronchodilators for rapid relief and anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids for long-term control. They are prescribed for asthma, COPD, and other respiratory conditions. Combination inhalers may deliver both a corticosteroid and a long-acting beta-agonist. Device choice depends on patient ability, age, and therapy.

Technique is essential for effectiveness. Users may need to prime MDIs, use spacers, coordinate actuation with inhalation, and rinse the mouth after use to reduce side effects. Regular cleaning helps prevent infections, and spacers can improve drug deposition in some patients.

Safety and environmental considerations include local and systemic side effects, such as throat irritation or fungal infections with inhaled steroids. Propellants and manufacturing have evolved to reduce environmental impact. Inhalators are central to modern respiratory care, enabling targeted therapy with fewer systemic effects than oral medications.