Inhalationsanæstetika

Inhalationsanæstetika, also known as volatile anesthetics, are drugs administered by inhalation that induce general anesthesia. They are gases or volatile liquids that are vaporized and mixed with oxygen and/or air before being inhaled by the patient. These agents work by depressing the central nervous system, leading to unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and muscle relaxation.

Commonly used inhalational anesthetics include sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane, and nitrous oxide. Sevoflurane and isoflurane are frequently chosen for their favorable safety profiles and ease of administration. Desflurane offers a faster onset and offset of anesthesia, which can be advantageous in certain surgical procedures. Nitrous oxide, a gas, is often used in combination with other agents for its analgesic properties and rapid recovery.

The administration of inhalational anesthetics is typically performed using a specialized anesthetic machine that precisely controls the concentration of the anesthetic agent delivered to the patient. The depth of anesthesia is monitored through various physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. Potential side effects can include respiratory depression, cardiovascular effects, and nausea or vomiting post-operatively. The choice of inhalational anesthetic depends on factors such as the patient's medical history, the type of surgery, and the desired duration of anesthesia.